Pope Clement XI

Giovanni Francesco Albani was born on the 23rd of March, 1649. Unbekn ingestst to completely at the beat, this valet would rise to become unmatched of the al nigh omnipotent semipolitical and spiritual leaders of his time. In fact, even homo powers would transmit to his authority, although his reign as pope would mark the beginning of the declination of papal power. Albani, leatr to be known as pope sonant XI, was born in the town of Urbino, Italy. His family was a terrific family that include senators and prefects. Albani received extensive education in his primarily days, and was move to finish his studies at the Roman College at eleven years senile. First known as an author at succession eighteen, Albani was soon noniced by Queen Christina of Sweden, who enrolled him in her Royal Academia. He majored in theology and law, and was granted the cognomen of doctor of formula and civil law. A firm hotshot of strong morals, Albani gained opt with the Cathol ic church, and was appointed cardinal-deacon at the age of twenty- whiz and primate of Rieti at the age of twenty-eight. Due to his righteousness in leading, Albani was rec eithered to capital of Italy and given the position of Vicar of St. Peter?s, and then subsequent promoted to monument of Papal Briefs. As this job requisite an extensive acquaintance of Latin, Albani held this position for more than thirteen ears. In 1700, a calamity occurred when the current pope, pope Innocent XII, died. The church service?s pilot program nominee, Cardinal Mariscotti, was rejected by France, afterwards which Cardinal Albani was nem con elected to the prestigious post. Albani was only li years old at the time; very vernal for a pope. At first, Albani was reluctant to receive this position, and for three eld efforts were made to change oer him that it was best for the Church. Fin every(prenominal)y, Albani decided to follow the lead out of God, and on the 8th of December, 1700, was enthroned in the Vatican as Pope kind-! hearted XI. Pope humble XI accomplished numerous bulky achievements during his lifetime. Unlike many corrupt popes before him, he did not bestow clerical offices upon anyone unless he deemed them worthy and capable enough for the role. He did not tolerate corruption in those he had authority over, and worked well-nigh constantly in an attempt to part the Church and the world that it affected. He improved conditions of prisons, get up charities for the poor, and provided food for the human beings in times of labelcity. He excessively gained the respect of artists and scientists by prohibiting the exportation of ancient masterpieces, and by tide overing a dandy scientist and historian of the time, Francesco Bianchini. He was the first to rig out the Church in the Philippines, as well as direct missionaries all over the world. He added to the Vatican Library at his own expense, donating manuscripts self-contained by Joseph Assemani in his journeys through Egypt and Sy ria. He regularized the synchronising of time by ordering that all clocks in capital of Italy be matched to a sundial. He slept little and ate less, and constantly dedicated his entire attention to any childbed set before him until completed. Unfortunately, this exceptional pope was appointed during a time of international greed and unbelief. France and the Austrian Empire, both vying for the ecological succession to the Spanish throne, brought about his first troubles. Charles II, the latest Spanish female monarch, had died childless, designating in his will that Phillip of Anjou, grandson of Louis XIV of France, should receive the throne. However, both Austrian emperor plainlyterfly Leopold and Archduke Charles of Spain resented this succession. Pope balmy XI elected to lie neutral during the following contest, but that proved impossible. At first, he hesitantly recognized Phillip V as king of Spain, but when Leopold?s successor, Joseph I, invaded the Papal States, the pope was forced to recognize Archduke Charles as the ! sensitive Spanish king. From this point onward, Pope merciful XI was held almost in contempt by the majority of European leaders. The quiet of Utrecht, an exceedingly important peace treaty amidst several(prenominal) European powers, was conducted without regards to the rights of the pope and the Catholic Church. The new Spanish king likewise excluded practically any papal authority over the church in Sicily. Pope clement XI attack to counteract this with an interdict, but the king then banished 3000 clergy who still support the pope. The pope similarly had to provide for these unfortunate clergy.

Pope charitable XI?s two largest religious disagreements occurred with the Chinese Ch ristians and subsequently with the Jansenists. He opposed all ancestor worship in China, despite the fact that much of it was done for cultural traditions before than actual worship. As a result, the missionaries were rejected in China, and the missioner movement to that country was practically killed off. His last disagreement was with Jansenism, a reformation of Catholicism similar to Calvinism. The schism widened until the pope issued his most famous bull, Unigenitus, condemning 101 Jansenistic propositions. However, this bull caused another disunite in the Catholic Church as several cardinals refused to prehend it. Although Pope Clement XI is most known for scar the beginning of the loss of papal power, this great man also accomplished many great things during his lifetime and at one time was one of most powerful men in the world. But perhaps the most important accomplishment he achieved was a legacy of a godly man, who used all of his resources to serve his God and his world. On March 19th, 1721, Pope Clement XI was fina! lly laid to rest. Bibliography:- ?Pope Clement XI,? move Advent, http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04029a.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? NNDB, http://www.nndb.com/people/214/000094929/ (May 30, 2008). - ? nemesis of the errors of Paschasius Quesnel,? Papal Encyclicals Online, http://www.papalencyclicals.net/Clem11/c11unige.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Clement XI,? Answers.com, http://www.answers.com/topic/pope-clement-xi (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI,? Catholic Forum, http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pope0243.htm (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI: Leading Catholicism 1700-1721,? Suite101.com, http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/catholic_christianity/21137 (May 30, 2008). - ?Pope Clement XI and Bible Reading by the Laity,? Bible Light, http://biblelight.net/Bible-Clement-XI.htm (May 30, 2008). If you regard to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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